Up to 50% of the world's population receives all or a portion of their drinking water from groundwater, which also supplies 43% of the water used for cultivation. For their essential daily water needs, 2.5 billion people rely exclusively on groundwater supplies. The ability of humans to produce enough food without contaminating the soil, water, or climate will soon be a challenge. The key to the problem is the sustainable management of groundwater and having scientific understanding of groundwater management.